Readout: % remaining at time point, t1/2 determination, and intrinsic clearance (Clint) estimation
Controls: Phenacetin, Diclofenac, Dextromethorphan, Omeprazole, Midazolam, 7-EC
Phenacetin, Diclofenac, Omeprazole, Dextromethorphan, Midazolam and 7-ethoxycoumarin (7-EC) are all recommended in vitro enzyme specific probe substrates for P450s.4,5 Phenacetin is the preferred probe for screening CYP1A2-based drug interaction.4-7 Diclofenac is a substrate for CYP2C9.4,5,8-10 Omeprazole (OMP), is metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4.11 Dextromethorphan is an in vitro substrate for studying CYP2D6 inhibition.12 Midazolam is a recommended probe for CYP3A4.4,5,13 Known species differences exist in 7-ethoxycoumarin (7-EC) metabolism.14
Assay Description:
Working solutions of each compound are prepared from 10 mM stock solution in DMSO and diluted to a final concentration of 2 μM in incubation medium.
Mixtures of control/test compound working solutions and pre-incubated hepatocyte suspension (2 million viable cells/mL in incubation medium) are incubated in CO2 atmosphere for 2 hours. Aliquots are removed at each time point (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mins). For each aliquot, the reaction is stopped by adding internal standard / quenching solution (terfenadine and tolbutamide in methanol/ACN) and vortexing. The samples are centrifuged and the supernatant is removed for LC-MS/MS analysis.
The MS detection is performed by using a SCIEX API 4000 Q trap instrument. Each compound is analyzed by reversed phase HPLC using a Kinetex 2.6μ C18 100Å column (3.0 mm X 30 mm, Phenomenex). Mobile phase – Solvent A: water with 0.1% formic acid, solvent B: ACN with 0.1% formic acid. The amount of parent compound is determined on the basis of the peak area ratio (compound area to IS area) for each time point.
Data Analysis:
The slope of the the Ln(% remaining) vs time point line is used to calculate t1/2 according to the following formula:
Half life (t1/2) = – ln(2) / Slope
Slope = Terminal elimination rate constant (-K)
The estimation of Clint (in µL/min/million cells) is calculated using the following equation:
Clint = ln(2) * 1000 / T1/2/ 1 (million cells/mL)
Abbreviations:
ACN Acetonitrile
DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide
7-EC 7-ethoxycoumarin
HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography
LC Liquid chromatography
MS Mass spectrometry
Literature:
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